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The availability of higher-strength building materials made it possible to reduce the size of rein-forced-concrete supporting columns and to make floors thinner. Lightweight aggregates made of expanded clay or shale were used to produce lightweight structural concrete. The use of lighter weight materials has made possible a reduction in slab and column reinforcement, thereby lowering the costs for laying foundations.

This year, the competition will focus on public buildings in the coastal environment of Southern California. Students entering Challenge 1 will design an Environmental Museum and Interpretative Center and students entering Challenge 2 will design a Park Office and Snack Bar. Both buildings will be located in the new Orange County Great Park, in Irvine, California. The competition objectives are to encourage and reward excellence in architectural planning and design that integrates environmentally responsive design strategies. Competition participants will have the opportunity to explore energy efficiency as a basic standard of building design, incorporate principles of sustainability in the choice of building materials, water use, building design, and building site, investigate new building materials & methodologies that

There are two basic requirements for growth: raw materials from which the cell constituents can be constructed, and chemical energy for carrying out the synthetic processes.At the simplest level, the raw materials are the chemical elements of which all cells are composed, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements must be combined into the usable building blocks from which cell components are made.