Existing Topography at www.japanese-home-gardens.com

The location of cities and the distribution of population and industry throughout Canada and the United States were largely determined by the development of transportation in conjunction with the existing topography. Before railroads had become important in either country, the cities were located where nature had provided good ports, along the seaboards, lakes, and rivers. With very few exceptions, the important cities to this day are port cities. Railroads were extended from them to serve the interior communities, developed by migration along the watercourses.

The planning process for existing cities differs widely from the planning of new towns. Existing cities must be dealt with by amelioration. The emphasis is on trying to get each successive change in the city structure to be a part of a long-range plan for the general betterment of the community as a whole. The existing condition the city are analyzed and listed as a sort of c inventory, and there is developed a prog which, it is hoped, may in due time come tc realized, at least in part. In planning new to the planner is reasonably free to use the nev ideas and techniques consonant with the spons program.

This is very important in the development of science over time. There is a need for people to work within existing paradigms, but progress comes largely from those creative people who can look beyond existing paradigms to a new order, people with new insights. Such people make life uncomfortable for the majority of the scientific community. So it is with children.