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Geographical Boundaries: Free intercrossing and gene exchanges being thus prevented for long periods of time, the gene frequencies in the isolated populations may diverge more and more, without formation of chains of intermediate populations. The resulting races will be separated by gene frequency gaps corresponding to the geographical boundaries. In the human species, this condition is approached in Africa, where the Sahara Desert forms a boundary between the European (white) and the African (Negro) races.
WITH GARDENS a sense of enclosure is important. On small lots the boundaries may be those of the property or even plantings or other pleasant features on a neighbor's property, for when I speak of boundaries I mean not those of the lot but those that limit the view. On larger grounds the boundaries to views may be well within the property lines.
A compass needle points to a position some distance away from the geographical north and south poles. The difference, which is known as the declination [3], varies from one geographical location to the next. Small-scale variations in the earth's magnetism are probably caused by minor eddies or swirls in the outer core at the junction between the core and the mantle. Large bodies of magnetized rock and ore in the crust can have a similar effect.
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