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Industrialized Country: Scotland is a highly industrialized country, concentrating particularly on heavy industry and shipbuilding. This is the outcome of a variety of historical factors coupled with the country's endowment of natural resources, and it has made for a very marked geographical concentration of population.
All of these forces are still operating. The rate of city growth is accelerating in underdeveloped countries, and, although it has slackened somewhat in highly industrialized nations, cities there are still growing, and the proportion of city dwellers to country folk is increasing.
The Northeast became highly industrialized and distributed its manufactured products to the West and South, in easy exchange for the flour and meat of the former and the cotton, lumber, and tobacco of the latter. Probably never before or since in American history have the various regions of the country been so specialized economically as in the late 19th century. The low rate of railroad charges was important among the factors that brought about this specialization.
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