Metal Techniques Include at www.japanese-home-gardens.com

Other metal techniques include the hammering into shape of metal (especially wrought iron) which has been softened by heating; and an additive process of constructing a work of sculpture with blobs of molten metal using welding equipment and materials. Both of these techniques are most used for small works since the products are apt to be solid and therefore very heavy for their size.

Decorative Processes. There are also various techniques of Decoration either peculiar to goldsmiths' work or commonly associated with it. On elaborate goldsmiths' work several techniques may be employed. The chief decorative technique is repousse (embossed) work, in which ornamental motifs are raised on a metal surface with a hammer and punchers from the back. Repousse is usually found on hammered objects since it requires a fairly thin Wall of metal.

Metal Techniques.—Repousse is the technique of pushing, beating, or hammering quite malleable metals, such as copper, lead, and aluminum, into the form desired. Frequently the metal is beaten into shape over, or into, a form which has been produced by carving or casting. This is a handicraft reproductive process akin to the manufacturing process of stamping with dies. Twentieth century artists generally employ the freer technique of beating the metal into shape without the use of prepared forms.