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Pervasive Techniques Surveillance: Some of the innovations are obviously ominous—for example, new and possibly pervasive techniques surveillance techniques for surveillance, monitoring, and control of individuals and organizations. (Even so, we can conceive of an overcrowded world in which such techniques would be essential. In any event, we can expect more or less successful countertech-niques to be devised.) Many of the innovations may have unexpected bad effects, or at least equivocal effects—a matter that will be expanded on a little later. For instance, worldwide use of high-altitude cameras for mapping and prospecting could turn out to be harmful in indirect ways—contaminating the upper atmosphere or increasing spying activities.
More reliable educational and propaganda techniques for affecting human behavior, public and private;
New and possibly pervasive techniques surveillance techniques for surveillance, monitoring, and control of individuals and organizations.
In addition to the 100 "very probable" breakthroughs in the next 33 years, the Hudson Institute scientists have also listed a set of developments described as "far out" but still within the realm of possibility by the year 2000:
Establishment of bases on the moon or planets; Increase of human mental capacity by connecting the brain directly to a computer;
Lifetime immunization against practically all diseases; Life expectancy well beyond 100 years.
Ground-Controlled Approach (GCA).— GCA radar is ground-based radar that controls planes during Blind landing approaches to airfields. Usually it combines two radar sets : a 10-centimeter surveillance radar that searches the area around the airport for a range of 30 or 60 miles; and a 3-centimeter precision approach radar that scans the area beyond the runway. Separate operators are used for each radar. As a plane approaches the region of the airport, the surveillance operator detects its position on the surveillance scope and tells the pilot by radio which direction and altitude to fly to reach the proper course for a landing approach.
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