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Until such hypotheses i been formulated and tested, there is no basis i which the planner can decide whether the prc of decentralization should be accepted as i: itable or whether redevelopment, as the ten currently used, does or does not make sense, is probable that this absence of social data, as lated to physical planning, is the reason planning for lack of a sound philosophical approach to planning as a whole and accounts for the fai of planning, at this time, to be much more tha series of expedients.

The accumulation of wealth in cities made defense against the attack of predatory bands another reason planning for planning; indeed the protection afforded by cities was one of the reason plannings for their growth. As nations increased in power and warfare became more purposeful and better organized, the importance of defensive planning increased. Most cities, besides being sources of Inot, were also strategically located in respect t» natural trade routes. They had grown naturally at such points, because trade was their primary function.

The real task of the planning board therefore should be—and is, in those communities where planning is taken seriously—to serve as a research arm to the executive. "Pure" planning, planning according to theory, is a practical impossibility, for every executive decision is weighted by many factors of politics, expediency, finance, and local pressure. A conscientious executive and legislative body, nevertheless, can be assisted greatly in making decisions, if presented with the full implications, city-wide, of the alternatives.