Rolling Topography at www.japanese-home-gardens.com

There are two systems of orchard culture: one in which the land remains permanently in sod, termed sod culture ; the other in which the land, or part of it, is tilled, known as cultivation. Both systems possess certain advantages and admit of variations. Sod culture, which reduces soil erosion and the runoff of surface water, is especially useful on hilly or rolling topography. On the other hand, sod culture increases competition for nutrients and water between tree and sod, thus necessitating the addition of a nitrogen-carrying fertilizer.

ROLLING Pin : handle several types, as you may prefer one with handles, or if you support the rolling Pin with the tips of your fingers, it is more useful to have the extra length for rolling than for handles. FLOUR DREDGER: this ensures a light and even coating of flour when making pastry, biscuits, etc. Too much flour when rolling out can spoil the proportions of the recipe. A similar dredger could be used for icing sugar or ordinary sugar. BRUSHES : the type known as a pastry brush is used for brushing fat in tins, for glazing the top of pastry, flans, etc. see page 220, etc. It is a good idea to have two of these. You also need a firm brush for washing vegetables.

Topography.—Rhode Island is divided into two unequal sections: the eastern lowlands and the western uplands. The eastern section, which is called Narragansett Basin, consists of soft bedrock, sandy lowlands, beaches, rocky promontories, brackish ponds, and Narragansett Bay. To the east of the upper bay are gently rolling lands composed of coarse sandstone. Crystalline rock is characteristic of the western uplands.